현행 호주제도는 흔히 ‘상징적’ 제도라고 일컬어진다. 이에 본고는 유명무실하고 상정적인 호주조차 되기 어려운 여성의 입장에서 호주제도가 구사하는 젠더 정치를 점검하고자 한다. 무엇보다 호주제도는 여성과 남성 범주에 대한 의미를 생산하는 젠더 체계의 일환이며, 그러한 젠더 논리가 한국 국가의 정치에 활용되어 왔다는 것을 밝히고자 한다. 먼저, 본고는 서구의 젠더 논의를 살펴본 후, 타니 바로우를 중심으로 한 동아시아의 친족 논의를 검토한다. 이를 통해 가족을 여성 주체성의 생산 체계로서 개념화하고 한국의 호주제도를 분석한다. 호주지위, 부처제 결혼제도, 한국의 국민생산이라는 측면에서 분석된 호주제도는 여성을 가족에 묶인 존재로 규정하고 그것을 정상화한다는 점, 그리고 부계계승적 핵가족을 한국의 가족모형으로 정상화한다는 점, 그리고 다시 한국 국가는 이러한 여성젠더와 가족 모형을 기반으로 하여 국민을 생산해 왔다는 점에서 젠더 정치를 구사하고 있다. 특히 본고는 첫 번째 측면에 초점을 맞추어 호주제도에서 생산되는 여성 정상성 모형을 밝히고 그러한 여성 정상화가 가족질서의 핵이 된다는 점을 논의하고 있다. 이렇게 가족과 국가를 관통하여 흐르는 한국의 젠더 논리를 변화시키기 위해서는 현행 가족제도의 재구성이 아킬레스의 건이다.
Hoju(Family-head) system is one of the main family institution in Korea, which is legalized in family law. As the colonial legacy, the system has contained obstinate patriarchal rules until today, such as patrilineal succession of the family, patrilocal marriage, patriarchal headship. Nonetheless. the system nowadays is often regarded as 'symbolic' one, in the sense that the system has lost substantial power, especially that of the family-head. This essay engaged with the question if the family-head were only a 'symbolic' status, how women in Korea could have been systematically discriminated for having the headship. Thus, the essay investigates the gender politics involved in the family-head system, especially in terms of gender production occurred in this institutionalized family practices. The essay then discusses the notion of gender from the views of Joan W. Scott, Judith Butler, and Luce Irigaray, in which gerder is understood not as the pre-given category but as the constructed in historical and minute contexts and linguistic order. Thus, articulation of these context and order is essential to prescribe what it mean to have a gender in a certain society. Recent development about the kinship and women in East Asian social context is also useful. Tani Barlow, for example, powerfully illustrates that the kin organization is a brilliant mechanism of the gender(women) production. The gender politics of family-head system is examined through three respects: family-headship, patrilocal marriage, and the production of the Korean people (kookmin). This examination exposes the gendered logic operated in the system, which allocates, defines, and makes women and men. As the patrilocal marriage of the hoju system, for example, distributes men and women in different positions, marriage, divorce, having children, and the death of the spouse all become 'gendered.' In other words, those events provide radically different meaning to each gender. Following to the gendered logic of family-headship and marriage, women are normalized as 'the familial being,' the being who resides in, belongs to, and are to be bound with the familial boundary called as family(ka). Furthermore, Korean state has utilized this gender definition, as it has endorsed this peculiar 'nuclear-like patrilineal' family. The family-head system is also one of the central elements of the national identification system in cooperation with family registration system(hojok) and resident registration system(jumindungnok). Seen this way, gender politics unfolded by the family-head system has multiple layers. It produces the gender hierarchical system in which women are located to the position dependant to, and inexorably separate from men. This gender allocation has been central to make certain family 'normal', which has been reenforced by the Korean states politics. In sum, normalization of women will secure the normal family, and lead to the standardization of 'Korean people.' Thus, transformation of the family-head system is unalterably crucial for reconstruction of what it means to be women and men in Korean society.
AI 요약
연구주제
연구배경
연구방법
연구결과
주요내용
목차
Ⅰ. 문제 제기 Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 Ⅲ. 호주제도의 젠더 논리 Ⅳ. 요약 및 결론 참고문헌 〈Abstract〉