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연구자들이 자신의 연구와 전문성을 널리 알리고, 새로운 협력의 기회를 만들 수 있는 네트워킹 공간이에요.
논문 기본 정보
- 자료유형
- 학술대회자료
- 저자정보
- 발행연도
- 2004.6
- 수록면
- 91 - 103 (13page)
이용수
초록· 키워드
오류제보하기
The work unit system was one of the most important characteristics of the communist system in the era of Mao. In China, a "work unit" had multiple functions, including political, economic, and social. The social function was to provide welfare. In China, only a state enterprise was a "unit" in the full sense. State enterprises had been responsible for the broad social welfare of the their employees, including medical benefits, pensions, and housing. The characteristics of the "work unit" have inhibited economic efficiencies of state enterprises. To solve this problem, unit systems have broken down.
Compatible with the breakdown of unit system, the social security systems have been introduced and implemented in China. The paper focuses on social security reforms, their results, and their influences on Chinese society. Especially, old-age insurance, health insurance, and unemployment insurance are the research object of the paper.
Traditional old-age pension system and health-care system had been financed and managed by enterprises as work units. The introduction of old-age insurance and health insurance means that the management of pension and health care systems have become socialized, and the funds have been managed in a centralized way. On the other hand, unemployment insurance has introduced in 1986. Since their introduction, the social security systems have numerically grown. The numbers of persons joining the three social insurances have increased rapidly. The revenues and expenses of the three social insurance funds have increased rapidly.
However, though the three social insurances have numerically grown, they have had many problems.
First, the introductions of the three social insurances have been uneven between agricultural and urban areas, among ownerships, among regions, among industries, and between citizens and mingongs. For example, in the proportions of joining old-age insurances, state enterprises are the highest, collective enterprises are the second, and private enterprises are the lowest. In other words, social insurances have maintained the inequalities among them.
Second, since the introduction of old-age insurances and health insurances, the burdens of individuals have grown.
Third, unemployment insurances have not much contributed to the social stability because the insurance money have been low in comparison with Western countries.
Fourth, the burdens of families and communities have increased because the state has transferred its burdens to them.
Compatible with the breakdown of unit system, the social security systems have been introduced and implemented in China. The paper focuses on social security reforms, their results, and their influences on Chinese society. Especially, old-age insurance, health insurance, and unemployment insurance are the research object of the paper.
Traditional old-age pension system and health-care system had been financed and managed by enterprises as work units. The introduction of old-age insurance and health insurance means that the management of pension and health care systems have become socialized, and the funds have been managed in a centralized way. On the other hand, unemployment insurance has introduced in 1986. Since their introduction, the social security systems have numerically grown. The numbers of persons joining the three social insurances have increased rapidly. The revenues and expenses of the three social insurance funds have increased rapidly.
However, though the three social insurances have numerically grown, they have had many problems.
First, the introductions of the three social insurances have been uneven between agricultural and urban areas, among ownerships, among regions, among industries, and between citizens and mingongs. For example, in the proportions of joining old-age insurances, state enterprises are the highest, collective enterprises are the second, and private enterprises are the lowest. In other words, social insurances have maintained the inequalities among them.
Second, since the introduction of old-age insurances and health insurances, the burdens of individuals have grown.
Third, unemployment insurances have not much contributed to the social stability because the insurance money have been low in comparison with Western countries.
Fourth, the burdens of families and communities have increased because the state has transferred its burdens to them.
목차
Ⅰ. 서론
Ⅱ. 제도도입의 배경
Ⅲ. 제도추진의 내용
Ⅳ. 제도의 불균등성과 불평등구조
Ⅴ. 문제점
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