本 實驗은 Hempa處理가 쌀바구미(Sitophilus oryzae L.)에 미치는 生物學的 影響과 部分不姙性의 遺傳性에 미치는 影響을 調査하기 爲하여 羽化後 1~3日된 숫컷을 0.0625%, 0.125%, 0.25% 및 0.5%의 Hempa로 處理된 小麥에서 2日間 攝食處理하여 當代의 致死率, 壽命 및 産卵數에 미치는 影響을 調査하고 F₁, F₂, BC₁, F₃ 및 BC₂ 世代에 미치는 處理效果를 調査하여 다음과 같은 結果를 얻었다. (1) 處理雄蟲의 平均壽命은 對照區에 比하여 差가 없었으며 當代 致死率도 0.5% 處理時 補正 致死率은 7.07%로 有意差가 없었다. (2) 處理雄蟲과 交配된 定常 雌蟲의 3日間 平均 産卵數는 無處理區 3.60에 比하여 0.0625%, 0.125%, 0.25% 및 0.5%區에서 各各 3.78, 4.05, 3.75 및 3.61個로 有意差가 없었으며 非交配雌蟲 區에서는 1.91로 顯著한 産卵數의 減少를 보였다. (3) 處理雄蟲과 無處理雌蟲의 交配에서 얻은 F₁代의 處理後 27日間 總平均 孵化率은 對照區 85.82%에 對하여 0.0625%, 0.125%, 0.25% 및 0.5%區에서 各各 64.77%, 53.47%, 40.33% 및 24.78%로 處理濃度의 增加에 따라 孵化率이 減少되었다. (4) 處理後 産卵 時期別로 産下된 卵의 孵化率은 모든 處理區에서 處理後 10~12日까지는 孵化率이 減少하다가 그後 다시 增加하는 回復現象을 보였다. (5) 高濃度 處理區인 0.5%區에서는 處理後 1~3日에 産下된 卵의 孵化率이 낮았고 10~12日 以後에도 回復의 速度가 느렸다. 이와같은 現象은 配偶子 形成 過程에서 影響을 받는 時期의 範圍가 넓기 때문이 라고 생각되었다. (6) 幼蟲期 致死率은 對照區 6.55%에 比하여 0.0625%, 0.125%, 0.25% 및 0.5%區에서 各各 17.89%, 27.40%, 35.42% 및 52.17%로 處理濃度의 增加에 따라 致死率의 增加를 보였다. (7) 卵期 致死率과 幼蟲期 致死率의 關係는 0.125%, 0.25%, 0.5%處理區에서 相關係數가 각각 r=+0.89, +0.83 및 +0.85로 卵期 致死와 幼蟲期 致死는 同一型의 影響임을 알수 있었다. (8) 致死因子 發現에 對한 卵期와 幼蟲期의 感受性은 各各 SC??=0.133% 및 LC??=0.565%로 卵期가 幼蟲期보다 感受性이 컸다. 또한 未羽化에 미치는 影響은 이들 들의 共同作用의 結果임으로 EC??=0.09%로 더욱 感受性이컸다. (9) F₁代의 羽化 成蟲은 0.125%, 0.25% 및 0.5% 處理區에서 암컷對 숫컷의 比率이 100 : 125, 100 : 108 및 100 : 124로 숫컷의 出現頻度가 높은 듯 하였으나 羽化 個體數가 적은 關係로 統計的인 有意性은 없었다. (10) P₁이 處理後 16~18日에 産下한 卵에서 羽化한 F₁雄蟲을 無處理 雌蟲과 交配하였을 때 0.0625%區에서는 13.88%, 0.125%區에서는 33.04%의 卵期 致死率을 나타내었고 F₂도 各各 31.01%와 38.73%의 致死率을 나타내고 있어 染色體 異常의 結果라고 생각되었다. (11) F₂世代의 幼蟲期 致死率은 雌蟲 退交配區가 雄蟲 退交配區 보다 높았고 F₁兄妹交配에서 가장 높았다. (12) F₂ 및 BC₁世代의 幼蟲發育은 産卵後 第17日에 1~2齡蟲이 對照區 10.98%에 比해 雌蟲 退交配區, 雄蟲 退交配區 및 F₂區에서 各各 7.26%, 32.98% 및 15.73%로 分化의 遲延作用을 나타내는 듯하였다. (13) F₃世代에서도 卵期 및 幼蟲期 致死率이 兄妹交配區가 退交配區 보다 높았다. 이는 劣性致死因子가 影響한 때문이라고 생각된다. (14) Hempa 處理에 依하여 誘起된 不姙은 主로 轉座나 缺失과 같은 染色體 異常으로 誘起되는 優性致死突然變異에 基因된 것이라고 생각되었으며 이들 因子의 影響은 處理後 第3世代에까지 傳達됨을 알수 있었다.
Some experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of the chemosterilant, hempa, on the biology of the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L., and the transmission of the lethal factors in the progeny. One to three days old adult males were fed on the wheat grains treated with concentrations of 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5% of hempa water solution. The effects of the treatment on the mortality, longevity, and the performance of oviposition were examined for the P₁ generation, and the hatchability and mortality in the postembryonic development were also tested in the F₁, F₂, BC₁, F₃, and BC₂ generations to analyze the inheritance of the lethal factors. The results obtained were summarized as follows. (1) The average longevity of the treated males were ranged from 26.6 to 30.4 days, and indicated no statistical differences. (2) The mortality of the treated males were ranged between 3.3% and 13.396 and showed no statistical significance. (3) The overall mean number of eggs laid by a female mated to a treated male with concentrations of 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25 and 0.5% were 3.78, 4.05, 3.75 and 3.61 for the respective treatments, and they were not differ significantly from those of control which were 3.60 per female per 3 day period. The unmated female laid 1.91 in the same period, and significantly differ from those in other experimental groups. (4) The overall mean hatchability of the eggs laid by the females mated with males that had been treated with various concentrations of hempa were 86.82, 64.77, 53.47, 40.33 and 24.78% for the respective concentrations of 0, 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25 and 0.5%. The hatchability decreased with the increasing concentrations. (5) The minimum hatchabilities were obtained from the eggs laid in the period of 10~12 days after treatment, then the hatchability increased showing some recovery. The recovery seemed to be very much delayed for the males which had been treated with the greater concentrations. Such a difference in hatchability might be related with the sensitivity of the developmental stages of the sperms, and broader spectrum in the stages and severer effects seemed to be associated with the increased concentrations. (6) The overall mean of larval mortality in the F₁ generation were 6.55, 17.89, 27.40, 35.42 and 52.17% for the respective concentrations of 0, 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25 and 0.596. And there was a tendency to increase in the mortality with the increase of concentrations. (7) The correlation coefficients between per cent sterile eggs and larval mortality for the experimental plots of 0.125, 0.25 and 0.5% treatments showed r=+0.89, +0.83 and +0.85, respectively, and it seemed to be close correlation between the lethal effects on the embryonic and post-embryonic developments. (8) Since the SC?? of the sterile eggs was 0.133% and LC?? of the larval mortality was 0.565%, it was considered that the lethal factors expressed more in the egg stages than the larval stages. (9) The ratio of female to male in the F₁ adults showed 100 : 125, 100 : 108 and 100 : 124 for the plots of 0.125, 0.25 and 0.596 treatments, respectively. And it was considered that the sex ratio distortions might occur with the higher concentrations. (10) When the F₁ males originated from the eggs had been laid by P₁ in the period of 16~18 days after treatment, were crossed to normal females (BC₁) and made sib matings (F₂), the per cent sterile eggs of the BC₁ generation were 13.88 and 33.04%, and were 31.01 and 38.73% for the F₂ generation with the plots of 0.0625 and 0.125% treatment, respectively. And these seemed to be a results of the F₁ individuals are carrying some chromosomal aberrations. (11) The larval mortality was the highest in the F₂ plot and followed the female backcross plot, and the least in the male backcrosses. (12) The proportions of 1st and 2nd instar larvae among the larval development at the 17th day after oviposition were 10.98, 27.26, 32.98 and 15.73% in the normal female × normal male, F₁ female × normal male, normal female × F₁ male and F₁ female × F₁ male plots, respectively. It was considered that the larval development might be delayed by the treatment in the 2nd generation. (13) Per cent larval mortality and sterile eggs were greater in the F₂ sib mating plots (F₃) than both of F₂ backcrosses. Therefore, it seemed that some of the recessive lethal mutations might affect in the further generations. (14) The sterility, induced by the treatment of chemosterilant, hempa, was considered as the result of the dominant lethal mutations due to chromosomal aberrations such as translocation and/or deletion. The effects of these lethal factors seemed to be inherited up to 3rd generation after treatment.
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Abstract Ⅰ. 緖言 Ⅱ. 硏究史 Ⅲ. 材料 및 方法 Ⅳ. 結果 및 考察 Ⅴ. 結論 Ⅵ. 摘要 Ⅶ. 引用文獻