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학술연구/단체지원/교육 등 연구자 활동을 지속하도록 DBpia가 지원하고 있어요.
커뮤니티
연구자들이 자신의 연구와 전문성을 널리 알리고, 새로운 협력의 기회를 만들 수 있는 네트워킹 공간이에요.
초록· 키워드
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There have been general assumptions that members of Ottoman guilds were rigidly controlled by the guild authorities and the government. However, after examining the structure and management of guild membership in seventeenth-century Istanbul, this study proves otherwise at least for that period. An average guild was loosely made of masters(i. e., full members) and apprentices, with a set of guild officials and elders. Neither the government nor the guild attempted to control guild membership for the sake of control. The government did not get involved in the management of guild membership except when it needed to register the members of dubious groups or to muster those who might be useful in emergencies. Whereas guild had to basically determine and manage its membership structure, there were other factors that could compromise the official rules. The guild, while being a collective organism constituted of shops, probably did not exercise full command over its member shops. Individual guild members could bring in outsiders by contracting partnerships and sublets. Shop owners, waqf administrators and renter-investors also seem to have had a say in determining who the new practitioner would be. As long as such room for encroachment did not create new competition or disorder beyond the level that the established guild masters could tolerate, it would not have worried them much. In addition, a guild could be as relaxed as not to object to intruders engaging in their trade as long as the latter paid a fair share of taxes.
The multitude of soldiers and immigrants found in may trades by the mid-seventeenth century is evidence for the flexibility and unintentional "openness" of the guilds. However, the relaxed attitudes of guilds started to change beginning with the service trades that were vulnerable to outside competition. Membership control seems to have gradually strengthened over the next century with the spread of gedik, but probably not to the extent that it stifled any new development. In any event, the fluidity and flexibility of the seventeenth-century guild membership unequivocally show that these groups were not yet the heavily institutionalized guilds of the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
The multitude of soldiers and immigrants found in may trades by the mid-seventeenth century is evidence for the flexibility and unintentional "openness" of the guilds. However, the relaxed attitudes of guilds started to change beginning with the service trades that were vulnerable to outside competition. Membership control seems to have gradually strengthened over the next century with the spread of gedik, but probably not to the extent that it stifled any new development. In any event, the fluidity and flexibility of the seventeenth-century guild membership unequivocally show that these groups were not yet the heavily institutionalized guilds of the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
목차
1. 서론
2. 길드의 범위
3. 회원 구성 및 자격
4. 길드에 합류하는 방법
5. 길드 영역에의 침범자들
6. 결론
Abstract
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