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- 자료유형
- 학술저널
- 저자정보
- 발행연도
- 2002.8
- 수록면
- 109 - 137 (29page)
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Caryl Churchill’s Fen is constructed with two frames of oppression of the social system. One is the pressure of capitalism that gives women labourers frustration, anger and despair by the exploitation of their labour as they work in the Fen field. The other is the pressure of the patriarchal system that frustrates Val by confining her behaviour in sharing her love with Frank. Churchill describes the working class woman’s struggle against capitalism by adopting Michell Foucault’s theory of ‘punishment and discipline’ while she identifies the contradiction of the patriarchal system through Brechterian incidents and episodes as well as through an expressionistic technique. Although in theory these systems have an independent issue, in practice they were closely interwoven in order to reinforce each other.
While Churchill demonstrates the exploitation and oppression of capitalism through the lives of working class women and their experiences, she stresses the contradiction of the patriarchal system through Val’s love story and the murder incident in which Frank kills Val with an axe. These two incidents and episodes demonstrate the fact that the patriarchal system that gives various limitation to women is much harder to endure for woman than exploitation by capitalism. To show women’s despair, suffering and anger Churchill uses various techniques such as mist, ghosts and verses as well as music that gives the audience a Sophoclean catharsis and the enlightenment to resist. Music, ghosts and mist create visual images and depict sublimely the situation in which the labourers,including Val, feel frustration and despair. They also give the audience strong meaning and suggestions that the dialogue cannot give.
The murder incident suggests not only the mistreatment of women in a patriarchal system but also carries the political message of gender oppression. Motherhood is the central responsibility for Val. Val’s emotional tie with her children is a kind of psychological yoke in a society where the characteristics of motherhood are particularly linked with maternal instinct which manifests as self-sacrifice or as the embodiment of general human values. The combination of the biological and moral responsibilities inevitably leads Val to the restrained and frustrated situation and eventually individual despair leads her to accept limitation. That pressures Val to behave in particular ways. Torn between her children and her lover that Val values equally, she begs Frank to kill her.
After her death Val reappears on the stage as a ghost who has the ability to change despair into hope. She creates reversion and enable lots of things happen. Therefore, a lot of scholars insist that this change brings Fen light and hope. But here I assert that all the changes that occur through Val’s ghost rather paradoxically demonstrate the desire and aspiration of women in Fen Field, consciously and unconsciously, that they never achieved throughout several generations. Churchill shows that the frame of oppression, both patriarchy and capitalism are too firm to resist for the working class. Churchill expects the audience to enact change and bring about reform in the real society. Especially, through May’s song and the fact that she cannot sing, Churchill gives the chance for a feeling of happiness and relaxation to the audience by solving women’s long enduring frustrations and aspirations. After the audience (some of the disciplined audience) taste these they must act upon something to solve women labourer’s struggles. Fitzsimmons referred to Churchill as “a playwright fully aware not only of the need for change, and the direction that change must take, but also of the difficulties for women in living that change.” Churchill is a “socialist feminist” whose paradoxical expression in demonstrating the situation and despair of women labourers in Fen Field creates guidelines which make the audience to engage in empathy, behaviorism and synergy.
While Churchill demonstrates the exploitation and oppression of capitalism through the lives of working class women and their experiences, she stresses the contradiction of the patriarchal system through Val’s love story and the murder incident in which Frank kills Val with an axe. These two incidents and episodes demonstrate the fact that the patriarchal system that gives various limitation to women is much harder to endure for woman than exploitation by capitalism. To show women’s despair, suffering and anger Churchill uses various techniques such as mist, ghosts and verses as well as music that gives the audience a Sophoclean catharsis and the enlightenment to resist. Music, ghosts and mist create visual images and depict sublimely the situation in which the labourers,including Val, feel frustration and despair. They also give the audience strong meaning and suggestions that the dialogue cannot give.
The murder incident suggests not only the mistreatment of women in a patriarchal system but also carries the political message of gender oppression. Motherhood is the central responsibility for Val. Val’s emotional tie with her children is a kind of psychological yoke in a society where the characteristics of motherhood are particularly linked with maternal instinct which manifests as self-sacrifice or as the embodiment of general human values. The combination of the biological and moral responsibilities inevitably leads Val to the restrained and frustrated situation and eventually individual despair leads her to accept limitation. That pressures Val to behave in particular ways. Torn between her children and her lover that Val values equally, she begs Frank to kill her.
After her death Val reappears on the stage as a ghost who has the ability to change despair into hope. She creates reversion and enable lots of things happen. Therefore, a lot of scholars insist that this change brings Fen light and hope. But here I assert that all the changes that occur through Val’s ghost rather paradoxically demonstrate the desire and aspiration of women in Fen Field, consciously and unconsciously, that they never achieved throughout several generations. Churchill shows that the frame of oppression, both patriarchy and capitalism are too firm to resist for the working class. Churchill expects the audience to enact change and bring about reform in the real society. Especially, through May’s song and the fact that she cannot sing, Churchill gives the chance for a feeling of happiness and relaxation to the audience by solving women’s long enduring frustrations and aspirations. After the audience (some of the disciplined audience) taste these they must act upon something to solve women labourer’s struggles. Fitzsimmons referred to Churchill as “a playwright fully aware not only of the need for change, and the direction that change must take, but also of the difficulties for women in living that change.” Churchill is a “socialist feminist” whose paradoxical expression in demonstrating the situation and despair of women labourers in Fen Field creates guidelines which make the audience to engage in empathy, behaviorism and synergy.
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