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The purpose of this paper is to show the simultaneous aspects of the evolution of material values and retrogression of human values in American culture by analyzing the three plays A Touch of the Poet, More Stately Mansions and The Calms of the Capricorn of Eugene O'Neill's unfinished eleven-play cycle, “A Tale of Possessors, Self-Dispossessed.” The cycle plays were planned to trace the history of an American family, the Harfords, from 1755 to 1932 and to reveal the corrupting influence of material values upon its members. In particular, to investigate the self-destructiveness of American materialism and possessiveness in the three plays, O'Neill invents two ambitious, sensual, soulless, greedy and egocentric women, Sara and Leda, whose way of life is “to take what you want.”
In A Touch of the Poet, Sara Melody desperately tries to rise in the world and to belong to the main stream of the dominant WASP society by becoming a member of the Harfords. To take what she wants, Sara ignores her father's efforts to keep his roots and self-respect as an Irish immigrant, and seduces Simon Harford, an anti-capitalist, into marrying her. In More Stately Mansions, O'Neill shows the tensions between the spiritual ideal in Simon's character and the realistic materialism in Sara's, and then tries to re-build “the Edenic Myth” which has been scattered in America by material things. In The Calms of the Capricorn, Leda Cade is an aggressive female character with the material greed and possessiveness that is sought after by the female characters of the Harfords. Leda is sexually appealing to men and she is mainly concerned about material things because of her selfish way of thinking. In the relationship between male and female, Leda hates women with guilty consciences and tries to make female characters reveal their repressed sexual instinct. Leda infects the others with her philosophy of life: “The spirit is of no importance, it's the body that counts.”
O'Neill's long day's journey into American history, shown in the unfinished eleven-play cycle, is a long day's journey into darkness, revealing human being's material greed and showing the corruption of American culture. But O'Neill never gave up “the Edenic Myth” in America. O'Neill's strength lies in showing the possibility of overcoming the distorted face of American materialism. O'Neill revolted against soulless American culture and called for human efforts to recover human values.
In A Touch of the Poet, Sara Melody desperately tries to rise in the world and to belong to the main stream of the dominant WASP society by becoming a member of the Harfords. To take what she wants, Sara ignores her father's efforts to keep his roots and self-respect as an Irish immigrant, and seduces Simon Harford, an anti-capitalist, into marrying her. In More Stately Mansions, O'Neill shows the tensions between the spiritual ideal in Simon's character and the realistic materialism in Sara's, and then tries to re-build “the Edenic Myth” which has been scattered in America by material things. In The Calms of the Capricorn, Leda Cade is an aggressive female character with the material greed and possessiveness that is sought after by the female characters of the Harfords. Leda is sexually appealing to men and she is mainly concerned about material things because of her selfish way of thinking. In the relationship between male and female, Leda hates women with guilty consciences and tries to make female characters reveal their repressed sexual instinct. Leda infects the others with her philosophy of life: “The spirit is of no importance, it's the body that counts.”
O'Neill's long day's journey into American history, shown in the unfinished eleven-play cycle, is a long day's journey into darkness, revealing human being's material greed and showing the corruption of American culture. But O'Neill never gave up “the Edenic Myth” in America. O'Neill's strength lies in showing the possibility of overcoming the distorted face of American materialism. O'Neill revolted against soulless American culture and called for human efforts to recover human values.
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